Sums of two cubes as twisted perfect powers, revisited (Q723169)

This paper deals with the solutions of the Diophantine equation \(A^3 + B^3 = q^{\alpha} C^p\), where \(p\), \(q\) are primes, \(ABC \neq 0\) and \(\gcd(A, B)= 1\), and improves the results of \textit{M. A. Bennett} et al. [Ann. Sci. Math. Qué. 35, No. 1, 1--15 (2011; Zbl 1273.11059)]. Let \(S_0\) be the set of primes \(q \geq 5\) for which there exists an elliptic curve \(E/Q \) with conductor \(N(E)\in \{18q, 36q, 72q\}\), discriminant \(\Delta(E) = T^2\) or \(\Delta(E) = -3T^2\), for some integer \(T\), and at least one nontrivial rational 2-torsion point. The first main result of the paper is the following: If \(p\) and \(q \geq 5\) are primes with \(p \geq q^{2q}\) such that there exist coprime, nonzero integers \(A\), \(B\) and \(C\), and a positive integer \(a\), satisfying \(q \geq 5\), then \(q\in S_0\). An interesting corollary of this result is that in case where either \(q \equiv 53 \ \bmod\ D_1\) for \(D_1 \in \{96,120,144\}\) or \(q \equiv 65\ \bmod D_2\) for \(D_2 \in\{81,84\}\), and \(p \geq q^{2q}\), then there are no coprime, nonzero integers \(A\), \(B\) and \(C\), and positive integer \(\alpha\), such that \(A^3 + B^3 = q^{\alpha} C^p\). Denote by \(T\) the set of primes \(q\) such that \(q = 3d^2+16\), where \(d\) is an integer, or \(q = (3d^2+ 1)/2\) and \(d\) is odd. If \(q \not \in T\), then it is proved that for a positive proportion of primes \(p\), there are no solutions to \(A^3+B=qC^p\) in coprime nonzero integers \(A\), \(B\) and \(C\). Furthermore, if \(q = 2^a3^b-1\) is prime, where \(a \geq 5\) and \(b \geq 1\) integers and \(p\) is a prime with \( p > q^{2q}\) and there exist a positive integer \(\alpha\) and coprime, nonzero integers \(A\), \(B\) and \(C\) satisfying equation \(A^3 + B^3 = q^{\alpha} C^p\), then it is proved that \((\alpha/p) = ((4-a)/p) = (-6b/p)\). Finally, if \(p\) is prime with \(p \equiv 13, 19\) or \(23 \ \bmod\, 24\), then it is deduced that there are no coprime, nonzero integers \(A\), \(B\) and \(C\) satisfying \(A^3+B^3 = 5C^p\).