Optimal existence classes and nonlinear-like dynamics in the linear heat equation in \(\mathbb{R}^d\) (Q725280)

The authors investigate the behavior of solutions of the linear uniform heat equation in a finite dimension Euclidean space for initial classes of Radon measures. It is shown that these classes are optimal for local and global existence of non-negative solutions. They prove existence, uniqueness, and regularity results for such initial data. The authors also characterize the solutions in finite time, determining both the blow-up time \(T\) and the points at which the solution has a finite limit as \(t\to T\). They discuss also the long-time behavior of global solutions showing wild unbounded oscillations for some initial data. It is shown that this behavior is dense. Allowing for sign-changing solutions, the authors show how to obtain solutions with any prescribed behavior in time at zero.