Optimal existence classes and nonlinear-like dynamics in the linear heat equation in R^d

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2018.06.009MaRDI QIDQ725280zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors James C. Robinson, Anibal Rodriguez-Bernal

Publication date 1 August 2018

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.05906

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic behaviorblowupheat equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Blow-up in context of PDEs (35B44) Heat equation (35K05) Initial value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K15)

Abstract: We analyse the behaviour of solutions of the linear heat equation in ${mathbbR}^d$ for initial data in the classes $M_{v}arepsilon({mathbbR}^d)$ of Radon measures with $in{t}_{{mathbbR}^d}{me}^{-varepsilon|x{|}^2},md|u_0|<infty$. We show that these classes are in some sense optimal for local and global existence of non-negative solutions: in particular $M_0({mathbbR}^d)=ca{p}_{varepsilon>0}{M}_{v}arepsilon({mathbbR}^d)$ consists precisely of those initial data for which the a solution of the heat equation can be given for all time using the heat kernel representation formula. After considering properties of existence, uniqueness, and regularity for such initial data, which can grow rapidly at infinity, we go on to show that they give rise to properties associated more often with nonlinear models. We demonstrate the finite-time blowup of solutions, showing that the set of blowup points is the complement of a convex set, and that given any closed convex set there is an initial condition whose solutions remain bounded precisely on this set at the `blowup time'. We also show that wild oscillations are possible from non-negative initial data as $toinfty$ (in fact we show that this behaviour is generic), and that one can prescribe the behaviour of $u(0,t)$ to be any real-analytic function $gamma(t)$ on $[0,infty)$.

Review text

The authors investigate the behavior of solutions of the linear uniform heat equation in a finite dimension Euclidean space for initial classes of Radon measures. It is shown that these classes are optimal for local and global existence of non-negative solutions. They prove existence, uniqueness, and regularity results for such initial data. The authors also characterize the solutions in finite time, determining both the blow-up time \(T\) and the points at which the solution has a finite limit as \(t\to T\). They discuss also the long-time behavior of global solutions showing wild unbounded oscillations for some initial data. It is shown that this behavior is dense. Allowing for sign-changing solutions, the authors show how to obtain solutions with any prescribed behavior in time at zero.

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Cited in

(7)

• Spatial asymptotics and equilibria of heat flow on \(\mathbb{R}^d\)
• The heat flow in an optimal Fréchet space of unbounded initial data in \(\mathbb{R}^d\)
• Estimates for the heat flow in optimal spaces of unbounded initial data in \(\mathbb{R}^d\) and applications to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup
• Fractional Burgers equation with singular initial condition
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