The coadjoint operator, conjugate points, and the stability of ideal fluids (Q726613)

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The coadjoint operator, conjugate points, and the stability of ideal fluids
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    The coadjoint operator, conjugate points, and the stability of ideal fluids (English)
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    12 July 2016
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    Let \(M\) be a closed Riemannian manifold with metric \(g\), volume form \(\mu\) and \(\mathcal D^s_\mu(M)\) be those diffeomorphism of Sobolev class \(H^s\) preserving \(\mu\). For \(s>\dim M/2+1\) \(\mathcal D^s_\mu(M)\) becomes an infinite dimensional manifold whose tangent space at the identity \(T_e\mathcal D^s_\mu(M)\) is given by \(H^s\) divergence free vector field on \(M\). In standard Lie group notation the group adjoint representation is given by \(\mathrm {Ad}_\eta v=D\eta\cdot v\circ\eta^{-1}\). The formal \(L^2\) adjoint of the operator \(\mathrm {Ad}_\eta\) in \(T_e\mathcal D^0_\mu\) is called the group coadjoint operator \[ (\mathrm {Ad}^*_\eta u,v)_{L^2}=(u,\mathrm {Ad}_\eta v)_{L^2},\quad \forall v\in T_e\mathcal D^0_\mu. \] In the paper a new description of the operator \(\mathrm {Ad}^*_{\eta^{-1}(t)}\) along a geodesic \(\eta(t)\) of the \(L^2\) metric in the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphism is given. Theorem 5: If the manifold is two dimensional, \(n=2\), the coadjoint operator is given by the solution operator to the linearized Euler equations modulo a compact operator; if the manifold is three dimensional, \(n=3\), the coadjoint operator is given by the solution operator to the linearized Euler equations plus a bounded operator. Two applications of this result when underlying manifold is two dimensional are given (Theorem 13). In Remark 14 are noticed that Eulerian and Lagrangian stability of the 2D Euler equations are equivalent and instabilities in the 2D Euler equations are small.
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    diffeomorphism group
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    hydrodynamics
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    Euler equations
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    geodesic
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    conjugate point
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    stability
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