Möbius transformations and Blaschke products: the geometric connection (Q730624)

The paper under review studies geometric properties of Blaschke products which are eigenvectors of composition operators induced by automorphisms of the unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\). Consider \(\tau\) an automorphism of \(\mathbb{D}\) and \(B\) a Blaschke product satisfying \(B\circ\tau=B\). For each \(\lambda\) on the unit circle \(\mathbb{T}\), let \(\{z_{j,\lambda}\}\) be the collection of points solving the equation \(B(z)=\lambda\), indexed by increasing argument. The results in the paper assert that by connecting the points \(\{z_{j,\lambda}\}\) in an appropriate way, one obtains a polygon circumscribing an ellipse in \(\mathbb{D}\). The results depend on the type of automorphisms under consideration. If \(\tau\) is an elliptic automorphism of order \(n>1\), it is shown that there exists a Blaschke product \(B\) of order \(n\) such that \(B\circ\tau=B\). Given such a \(B\), for any \(\lambda\in\mathbb{T}\) and any integer divisor \(k\) of \(n\), the chain of line segments connecting \(z_{j,\lambda}\) and \(z_{j+k,\lambda}\) forms a polygon circumscribing an ellipse. If \(\tau\) is elliptic of infinite order, there does not exist a finite Blaschke product \(B\) satisfying \(B\circ\tau = B\). If the automorphism \(\tau\) is parabolic, the authors consider infinite Blaschke products \(B\) satisfying \(B\circ\tau = B\) and being continuous everywhere on the unit circle except at the fixed point of \(\tau\). It is shown that there exists an integer \(m\) such that for any \(\lambda\in\mathbb{T}\), the line segments connecting \(z_{j,\lambda}\) and \(z_{j+m,\lambda}\) form an ``infinite polygon'' circumscribing an ellipse in \(\mathbb{D}\). In the case \(\tau\) is a hyperbolic automorphism, the authors again consider Blaschke products solving \(B\circ\tau=B\) that are continuous everywhere on the circle except at the two fixed points of \(\tau\). In this case, the fixed points divide \(\mathbb{T}\) into two intervals. There exist two integers \(m_1\) and \(m_2\) such that for any \(\lambda\in\mathbb{T}\), connecting points \(z_{j,\lambda}\) and \(z_{j+m,\lambda}\) produces a polygon circumscribing an ellipse. Here, \(m=m_1\) or \(m=m_2\), depending on which interval the points belong to. In all cases, if \(B(0)=0\), then the foci of the ellipse are among the zeros of \(B\). Lastly, the authors apply their results for elliptic automorphisms to show that the numerical range of the compression of the shift associated with a certain finite Blaschke product is an elliptical disk.