The embedding dimension of Laplacian eigenfunction maps (Q741268)

For a compact Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) with \(\{\lambda_j\}_{j \in \mathbb N}\), \(0 = \lambda_0 < \lambda_1 \leqslant \lambda_2 \leqslant \ldots \uparrow \infty\) being the spectrum of its Laplacian \(\Delta_g\) define an eigenfunction map \[ \Phi^m : M \to \mathbb R^m,\quad x \mapsto \{\varphi_j(x)\}_{1 \leqslant j \leqslant m}, \] where \(\{\varphi_j\}_{j \in \mathbb N}\) is an orthonormal basis in \(L^2(M)\) of the eigenfunctions of \(\Delta_g\), that is \(\Delta_g \varphi_j = \lambda_j \varphi_j\). The smallest number \(m\) for which \(\Phi^m\) is an embedding for every choice of the basis \(\{\varphi_j\}_{j \in \mathbb N}\) is called the maximal embedding dimension of \(M\). In the paper the author proves that for a class of closed connected \(n\)-dimensional Riemannian manifolds of unit volume, bounded from below Ricci curvature \(Ric \geqslant -(n-1)\kappa_0 g\), \(\kappa_0 \geqslant 0\), and bounded from below injectivity radius there exist a uniform maximal embedding dimension. Moreover, the same existence results if proved for two-dimensional closed surfaces with bounded Gaussian curvature \(|K| \leqslant \kappa_0\), bounded mean curvature \(|H| \leqslant H_0\), and bounded volume. Furthermore, the author describes how eigenfunction maps can be used for shape recognition problems, and explicitly compute the maximal embedding dimensions for the \(n\)-dimensional sphere and torus.