Energies and structure of additive sets (Q743659)

Summary: In this paper we prove that any sumset or difference set has large \(\mathsf{E}_3\) energy. Also, we give a full description of families of sets having critical relations between some kind of energies such as \(\mathsf{E}_k\), \(\mathsf{T}_k\) and Gowers norms. In particular, we give criteria for a set to be a set of the form \(H\dotplus \Lambda\), where \(H+H\) is small and \(\Lambda\) has ``random structure'', a set equal to a disjoint union of sets \(H_j\) each with small doubling, a set having a large subset \(A'\) with \(2A'\) equal to a set with small doubling and \(|A'+A'| \approx |A|^4 /\mathsf{E}(A)\).