Weak-type inequalities for Fourier multipliers with applications to the Beurling-Ahlfors transform (Q743690)

From the author's introduction: ``The martingale theory plays a fundamental role in obtaining the \(L^p\) bounds for many important singular integrals and Fourier multipliers.'' The \(L^p\) inequalities of Fourier multipliers resulting from modulation of the jumps of Lévy processes have been studied by \textit{R. Bañuelos} et al. [Banach Cent. Publ. 95, 9--25 (2011; Zbl 1242.42008)] and \textit{R. Bañuelos} and \textit{K. Bogdan} [J. Funct. Anal. 250, No. 1, 197--213 (2007; Zbl 1123.42002)]. ``There is a natural question whether the interplay between the martingale theory and Fourier multipliers [...] carries over to the weak-type \((p,p)\) estimates.'' The purpose of this paper is to ``introduce a new method which will allow us to deduce sharp weak-type \((p,p)\) inequalities for a large class of Fourier multipliers from an appropriate bound for differentially subordinated martingales.'' From the author's abstract: This paper mainly studies ``weak-type constants of Fourier multipliers resulting from modulation of the jumps of Lévy processes.'' The author exhibits ``a large class of functions \(m: {\mathbb{R}}^d \to {\mathbb{C}}\), for which the corresponding multipliers \(T_m\) satisfy the estimates \[ \|T_m\|_{L^{p,\infty}({\mathbb{R}}^d)} \leq \left[\frac12\Gamma \left(\frac{2p-1}{p-1}\right)\right]^{(p-1)/p} \|f\|_{L^{p}({\mathbb{R}}^d)} \] for \(1<p<2\), and \[ \|T_m\|_{L^{p,\infty}({\mathbb{R}}^d)} \leq \left[\frac{p^{p-1}}2\right]^{1/p}\|f\|_{L^{p}({\mathbb{R}}^d)} \] for \(2\leq {p}<\infty\). The proof rests on a novel duality method and a new sharp inequality for differentially subordinated martingales.'' The author also gives ``lower bounds for the weak-type constants by constructing appropriate examples for the Beurling-Ahlfors operator on \({\mathbb{C}}\).''