Interpolation on cycloidal spaces (Q744061)

In this contribution the authors deal with Hermite interpolation problems on cycloidal spaces. Let us remind that a cycloidal space \(C_{n}\) of dimension \(n+1\) is the linear space generated by \(\{\cos x,\sin x, 1,x,\dots, x^{n-2}\},\) \(n\geq 2,\) and \(C_{1}= \operatorname{span}\{\cos x, \sin x\}\). In geometric design, cycloidal spaces are used to analyze shape preserving representations that allow circles to be represented by their natural parameterization. Notice that a more general framework concerning shape preserving representations in general spaces generated by \(\{u(x), v(x), 1,x,\dots, x^{n-2}\},\) where \(u,v\) are ad hoc functions, has been analyzed in [\textit{P. Costantini} et al., Numer. Math. 101, No. 2, 333--354 (2005; Zbl 1085.41002)]. In the paper under review the authors deduce a Newton formula for the cycloidal Hermite interpolant of a function \(f\) in a extended set of nodes \(\{x_{0}, \dots,x_{n}\}.\) Recurrence relations for cycloidal divided differences and an Aitken-Neville formula are obtained assuming the uniqueness of the cycloidal Hermite interpolation problems in some special subsets of nodes. The relation between the cycloidal interpolant and the polynomial interpolant for the functions \(f\), \(\cos x\), \(\sin x\) is also discussed. Indeed, although the cycloidal interpolant exists for a given extended node sequence \(\{x_{0}, \dots,x_{n}\}\), the existence of the cycloid interpolants based on the subset \(\{x_{i}, \dots,x_{i+k}\}\) which are used in the intermediate steps of the Newton and Aitken-Neville formulas is not guaranteed. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the interpolants are given in terms of the critical lengths of the spaces. An explicit formula as well as a bound for the cycloidal interpolation error, assuming the uniqueness of the Hermite interpolation problem, is deduced in a natural way in terms of the errors of the standard Hermite polynomial interpolation of \(f\), \(\cos x\), \(\sin x,\) in the set \(\{x_{0}, \dots,x_{n}\}.\) Some numerical examples are shown. Finally, a comparison with the general interpolation formulas in extended complete Tchebycheff spaces studied in [\textit{G. Mühlbach}, Numer. Algorithms 22, No. 3--4, 317--326 (1999; Zbl 0971.41002)], is presented.