Lagrangian immersions in the product of Lorentzian two manifolds (Q744899)

Let \((\Sigma_1,g_1)\) and \((\Sigma_2,g_2)\) be Lorentzian surfaces with Gauss curvatures \(\kappa_1\) and \(\kappa_2\). On the product \(\Sigma_1\times \Sigma_2\), there are two natural almost para-Kähler structures \((G^+,\Omega^+,J)\) and \((G^-,\Omega^-,J)\), which will be referred to by \(G^\epsilon\), \(\epsilon=\pm 1\). In the present paper, these almost para-Kähler structures are studied, as a continuation of a previous work by the same author, where the same situation was considered for two Riemannian surfaces. It is shown that the para-Kähler metric \(G^\epsilon\) is conformally flat, or Einstein, respectively, if and only if the Gauss curvatures \(\kappa_1\) and \(\kappa_2\) are constant and satisfy \(\kappa_1=-\epsilon\kappa_2\), or \(\kappa_1=\epsilon\kappa_2\), respectively. If \(\kappa_1\neq\epsilon\kappa_2\), it is shown that \(\Omega^\epsilon\)-Lagrangian surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector are locally products of geodesics \(\gamma_i\in\Sigma_i\). If both \(\Sigma_i\) are flat, a counterexample to this statement is constructed. In particular, for the 2-dimensional de Sitter space \(dS\), the \(\Omega^-\)-Lagrangian surfaces in \(dS\times dS\) with parallel mean curvature vector are locally the product of geodesics in \(dS\). On the contrary, it is shown that in \(dS\times dS\), there are no \(\Omega^+\)-Lagrangian surfaces with non null parallel mean curvature vector. Further, volume-extremizing conditions, namely minimality of the submanifold and stability of the minimal submanifold, are studied. Conditions for \(G^\epsilon\)-minimal Lagrangian surface to be stable are given. And finally, Hamiltonian minimality and Hamiltonian stability of Lagrangian surfaces is investigated.