A new approach to probability theory and thermodynamics (Q764020)

The text should be considered as an essay on links between an equlibrium thermodynamics of a gas in a vessel with some celebrated problems of number theory (e.g., Erdős theorem on expanding an integer \(M\) into \(K\) summands). A discussion of ill-posed statements widely spread in the literature follows. Examples are the (non-)existence of the Bose condensate in 2D, the density of a large number of billard balls in plane billiards and the number theory-related existence of new critical points; negative pressure discussion and a phase transition to a dispersed phase (e.g., foam), modifications of the ideal gas concept and their links with the real gas.