A vanishing theorem and asymptotic regularity of powers of ideal sheaves (Q765711)

A coherent sheaf \(\mathcal{F}\) on \(\mathbb{P}^n\) is \(m\)-regular if \(H^i(\mathbb{P}^n,\mathcal{F}(m-i))=0\), for \(i>0\). The (Castelnuovo-Mumford) regularity of \(\mathcal{F}\) is the least integer \(m\) for which \(\mathcal{F}\) is \(m\)-regular. Given an ideal sheaf \(\mathcal{I}\) on the projective space \(\mathbb{P}^n\), one invariant to measure its complexity is the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity, denoted by reg\((\mathcal{I})\). Consider the blowing-up, \(\mu:W=BL_{\mathcal{I}}(\mathbb{P}^n) \to\mathbb{P}^n\), of \(\mathbb{P}^n\) along the ideal \(\mathcal{I}\), with the exceptional Cartier divisor \(E\) on \(W\), such that \(\mathcal{I}\cdot \mathcal{O}_W=\mathcal{O}_W(-E)\). Let \(H\) be the hyperplane divisor of \(\mathbb{P}^n\). We define the \(s\)-invariant of \(\mathcal{I}\) to be the positive real number \[ s(\mathcal{I})=\min \{s \mid s\mu^*H-E \text{ is nef} \}, \] where \(s\mu^*H-E\) is considered as an \(\mathbb{R}\)-divisor on \(W\). The positivity of \(\mathcal{I}\) is measured by the \(s\)-invariant which is the reciprocal of the Seshadri constant of \(\mathcal{I}\) with respect to the hyperplane divisor and denoted by \(s=s(\mathcal{I})\). it is known that asymptotically \(\mathrm{reg}(\mathcal{I}^p)\) is a linear-like function with the slope \(s\), that is \[ \lim_{p \to \infty}\frac{\mathrm{reg}(\mathcal{I}^p)}{p}=s. \] In the first part of this paper, the author shows that the asymptotic regularity of \(\mathcal{I}\) can be bounded by linear function of the slope \(s\). Theorem 1. Let \(\mathcal{I}\) be an ideal sheaf on \(\mathbb{P}^n\) and let \(s=s(\mathcal{I})\) be the \(s\)-invariant. Then there exists a constant \(e\) such that for all \(p \geq 1\), one has \(sp \leq\mathrm{reg}(\mathcal{I}^p) \leq sp+e\). The main idea to prove this result is to use Fujita's vanishing theorem, which is a variant of Serre's vanishing theorem, on the blowing-up of \(\mathbb{P}^n\) along the ideal \(\mathcal{I}\). By comparing ordinary and symbolic powers of an ideal sheaf, the author gives an estimation on the asymptotic regularity of symbolic powers. Theorem 2. Let \(\mathcal{I}\) be an ideal sheaf on \(\mathbb{P}^n\) and let \(s=s(\mathcal{I})\) be the \(s\)-invariant. Suppose that except at an isolated set of points the symbolic power \(\mathcal{I}^{(p)}\) agree with the ordinary power \(\mathcal{I}^p\) for \(p\) large enough. Then there exists a constant \(e\) such that for all \(p \geq 1\), one has reg\(\mathcal{I}^{(p)} \leq sp+e\). In the second part of this paper, the author proves a vanishing theorem of powers of ideal sheaves which generalizes a previous result due to Bertram, Ein, Lazarsfeld. Theorem 3. Let \(X\) be a nonsingular variety and \(V \subset X\) be a local complete intersection subvariety with log canonical singularities. Suppose that \(V\) is scheme-theoretically given by \(V=H_1 \cap \dots \cap H_t\), for some \(H_i \in |L^{\otimes d_i} |\), where \(L\) is a globally generated line bundle on \(X\) and \(d_1 \geq \cdots \geq d_t\). Set \(e=\mathrm{codim}_X V\), then we have \[ H^i(X, \omega_X \otimes L^{\otimes k} \otimes A \otimes \mathcal{I}^p_V)=0, \quad\text{for } i>0, k\geq pd_1+d_2+\cdots + d_e, \] where \(p\leq1\) and \(A\) is a nef and big line bundle on \(X\). From this theorem another result follows: Corollary. Let \(V \subset \mathbb{P}^n\) be a subvariety such that \(V\) is a local complete intersection with log canonical singularities. Assume that \(V\) is cut out scheme-theoretically by hypersurfaces of degree \(d_1 \geq \cdots \geq d_t\) and set \(e=\mathrm{codim}V\). Then \[ H^i( \mathbb{P}^n,\mathcal{I}^p_V(k))=0, \quad \text{for } i>0, k\geq pd_1+d_2+\cdots + d_e-n. \] In particular, one has \(\mathrm{reg}\mathcal{I}^p\leq pd_1+d_2+\cdots +d_e-e+1\). Hence, this result provides a new reasonable geometric condition so that a linear bound for the regularity can be established.