Fragile cycles (Q765939)

We first quote several definitions from the manuscript. Consider the set of diffeomorphisms \(f\) of a given manifold. A hyperbolic basic set \(K\) of a diffeomorphism \(f\) has a (uniquely defined) continuation \(K_g\) for all \(g\) close to \(f\): \(K_g\) is a hyperbolic basic set, close to \(K\), and the dynamics of \(f|_{K}\) and \(g|_{K_g}\) are conjugate. The \(s\)-index of a hyperbolic transitive set is the dimension of its stable bundle. The diffeomorphism \(f\) is said to have a ``heterodimensional cycle'' associated to hyperbolic basic sets \(K\) and \(L\) if these sets have different \(s\)-indices and their stable and unstable manifolds meet cyclically: \[ W^s(K,f) \cap W^u(L,f) \, \neq \, \emptyset \qquad \text{and} \qquad W^u(K,f) \cap W^s(L,f) \, \neq \, \emptyset. \] The cycle associated to \(K\) and \(L\) is ``\(C^1\)-robust'' if there is a \(C^1\)-neighborhood \(\mathcal{U}\) of \(f\) such that for all \(g \in \mathcal{U}\), the hyperbolic continuations \(K_g\) and \(L_g\) of \(K\) and \(L\) have a heterodimensional cycle. A heterodimensional cycle associated to a pair of saddles \(p\) and \(q\) of \(f\) can be ``\(C^1\)-stabilized'' if every \(C^1\)-neighborhood \(\mathcal{U}\) of \(f\) contains a diffeomorphism \(g\) with hyperbolic basic sets \(K_g \ni p_g\) and \(L_g \ni q_g\) having a robust heterodimensional cycle. Here \(p_g\) and \(q_g\) are the continuations of \(p\) and \(q\) for \(g\). A heterodimensional cycle associated to a pair of saddles is ``\(C^1\)-fragile'' if it cannot be \(C^1\)-stabilized. The main result of the authors establishes the existence of a codimension one submanifold of \(\text{Diff}^1(\mathbb{S}^2 \times \mathbb{S}^1)\) formed by \(C^1\)-fragile heterodimensional cycles. As a corollary, it is shown that any manifold \(M\) with \(\dim M>3\) supports diffeomorphisms with \(C^1\)-fragile cycles. This result is related with the main result of the same authors in [J. Inst. Math. Jussieu 7, No. 3, 469--525 (2008; Zbl 1156.37004)] but here with the advantage that the saddles in the initial cycle are continuated for every diffeomorphism in a neighborhood of the initial one.