Stabilization of heterodimensional cycles (Q2882650)

Palis conjectured that a generic diffeomorphism satisfies the following dichotomy: either it is hyperbolic, or it admits some cycles (more precisely, homoclinic tangencies or heterodimensional cycles). This conjecture has been one of the main driving forces for recent advances in differentiable dynamical systems. The paper under review gives a precise characterization of the types of coindex-1 heterodimensional cycles that can be stabilized.NEWLINENEWLINEConsider a heterodimensional cycle associated with a pair of saddles \((P,Q)\) with coindex 1. We say that such a cycle can be ``\(C^1\)-stabilized'', if for every \(C^1\)-neighborhood \(\mathcal{U}\ni f\), there exists an open set \(\mathcal{V}\subset \mathcal{U}\), such for each \(g\in \mathcal{V}\), there are hyperbolic basic sets \(\Lambda_g\ni P_g\) and \(\Sigma_g\ni Q_g\), such that \((\Lambda_g,\Sigma_g)\) has a heterodimensional cycle. Otherwise the cycle is said to be ``fragile''. The first two authors showed that fragile cycles do exist [J. Differ. Equations 252, No. 7, 4176--4199 (2012; Zbl 1279.37022)]. In this paper it is showed that all of the following are sufficient conditions for a coindex-1 cycle to be stabilized (Theorem 2):NEWLINENEWLINE(A) the cycle has a non-real central multiplier (Definition 1.3);NEWLINENEWLINE(B) the central multipliers are real, but the cycle is non-twisted (Definition 4.6);NEWLINENEWLINE(C) the central multipliers are real and the cycle is twisted, but the cycle is bi-accumulated (Definition 1.4).NEWLINENEWLINEThey also provide a non-technical version of their main result (Theorem 1): a coindex-1 cycle associated with \((P,Q)\) can be stabilized if one of the two saddles has a nontrivial homoclinic class.