On inverse nodal problem and multiplicities of eigenvalues of a vectorial Sturm-Liouville problem (Q780082)

In this paper, the authors study the inverse nodal problem for the following boundary value problem which consists of the differential equation \[ -y^{\prime\prime}+ Q(x) y =\lambda^2 y, \quad x\in [0,\pi] \] the boundary condition \[ y(0)=0 \] and the eigenparameter-dependent boundary condition \[ Ay^{\prime} (\pi) + \lambda y (\pi)=0, \] where \(\lambda\) is a spectral parameter; \(y=(y_1,y_2,...,y_m)^T\) is an \(m\)-dimensional vectorial function; \(Q(x)\) is an \(m\times m\) real symmetric and nonnegative definite matrix-valued potential function and \(A\) is an \(m\times m\) nonsingular real symmetric matrix. To this end, first they present asymptotic formulas for the eigenvalues and then they investigate the algebraic and geometric multplicity of them. It is proven that under the condition that the vectorial function \(y(x)\) has a common zero property (i.e., all the isolated zeros of its components are nodal points), and if there exists an infinite sequence \(\{y_{n_j,r} (x,\lambda_{n_j,r}^2)\}_{j=1}^\infty\) of eigenfunctions then \(Q(x)\) and \(A\) are simultaneously diagonalizable by the same unitary matrix \(U\).