Growth-fragmentation processes in Brownian motion indexed by the Brownian tree (Q782402)

Let \(\mathcal{T}=\mathcal{T}_\zeta\) denote the Brownian tree coded by a positive Brownian excursion \(\zeta\) under the Itō excursion measure. The authors then consider Brownian motion indexed by \(\mathcal{T}_\zeta\). Informally, conditionally on \(\mathcal{T}_\zeta\), the Brownian motion \((V_a)_{a \in \mathcal{T}_\zeta}\) is just the centered Gaussian process such that \(V_\rho=0\) for the root \(\rho\) of the Brownian tree and \(\mathbf{E}[(V_a-V_b)^2]=d_\zeta(a,b)\) for every \(a,b \in \mathcal{T}_\zeta\), where \(d_\zeta\) is the distance on \(\mathcal{T}_\zeta\). The main result of the paper states that almost everywhere, it holds that for every connected component \(\mathcal{C}\) of the set \(\{a \in \mathcal{T}_\zeta: V_a > r\}\) of points where Brownian motion is greater than \(r \geq 0\), the limit \[ |\partial C| = \lim_{\varepsilon \to 0} \varepsilon^{-2} \, \mathrm{vol}\{a \in \mathcal{C}: V_a < a+\varepsilon\} \] exists in \((0,\infty)\) and is called the boundary size of \(\mathcal{C}\). Further, if, for \(r \geq 0\), \(\mathbf{X}(r)\) denotes the sequence of boundary sizes of all connected components of \(\{a \in \mathcal{T}_\zeta: V_a > r\}\) ranked in non-increasing order, then the process \((\mathbf{X}(r))_{r \geq 0}\) is identified as a growth-fragmentation process with explicitly known law. Further, denote by \(\mathbb{D}_z\) the free Brownian disk with boundary size \(z > 0\) and by \(H(x)\) the distance of \(x \in \mathbb{D}_z\) to the boundary \(\partial \mathbb{D}_z\). Then the authors show that, almost surely, for every \(r \geq 0\) and every connected component \(\mathcal{C}\) of \(\{x \in \mathbb{D}_z: H(x) > r\}\), the limit \[ |\partial \mathcal{C}| = \lim_{\varepsilon \to 0} \varepsilon^{-2} \mathbf{V}(\{x \in \mathcal{C}: H(x) < r+\varepsilon \}), \] where \(\mathbf{V}\) denotes the volume measure on \(\mathbb{D}_z\), exists and is called the boundary size of \(\mathcal{C}\). Similar as in the case of the Brownian motion indexed by the Brownian tree, let \(\mathbf{Z}(r)\) denote the sequence of boundary sizes of all connected components of \(\{x \in \mathbb{D}_z: H(x) > r\}\) ranked in nonincreasing order. Then the process \((\mathbf{Z}(r))_{r \geq 0}\) is distributed as the growth-fragmentation process above with initial value \(Z(0) = (z, 0, 0, \ldots)\).