On linking of Lagrangian tori in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) (Q782735)

The paper is concerned with some linking properties of Lagrangian tori in \(\mathbb{R} ^4\) with its standard symplectic structure. Two Lagrangian tori \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are said to be smoothly unlinked if, roughly speaking, they can be isotoped away from each other without intersecting. Consider the following invariant of a Lagrangian torus in \(\mathbb{R}^4\): \[ A_2(L):=\min \{ \omega (\alpha)|\alpha \in \pi_2(\mathbb{R}^4, L), \,\mu (\alpha)=2, \,\omega (\alpha) >0\}, \] where \(\mu:\pi_2(\mathbb{R}^4, L)\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}\) is the Maslow class. The main results about monotone Lagrangian tori proved in the paper are the following: Theorem A. Let \(L_1,L_2 \subset \mathbb{R}^4\) be disjoint Clifford tori of possibly different monotonicity factors. Then \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are smoothly unlinked. Corollary 3.4. (Stated in a weaker form as Theorem B). Let \(L_1,L_2 \subset \mathbb{R}^4\) be disjoint Lagrangian tori. If \(L_1\) is monotone and \(A_2(L_2)\geq A_2(L_1)\), then \(L_1\) bounds a solid torus in the complement of \(L_2\). Moreover, \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are smoothly unlinked if and only if the image of the natural map \(\pi_1(L_1)\rightarrow \pi_1(\mathbb{R}^4-L_2)\) vanishes. If \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are both monotone and \(A_2(L_2)= A_2(L_1)\), then \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are smoothly unlinked. Concerning non-monotone Lagrangian tori, the author extends results of \textit{G. D. Rizell} and \textit{J. D. Evans} [Geom. Topol. 18, No. 2, 997--1034 (2014; Zbl 1311.53065)] to admissible tori as follows: Theorem C. (Also stated as Theorem 5.7.) Let \(L_1,L_2 \subset \mathbb{R}^4\) be disjoint Lagrangian tori and suppose that \(L_1\) is admissible. If \(A_2(L_2)\geq A_2(L_1)\), then \([L_1]\) is the zero class in \(H_2(\mathbb{R}^4-L_2; \mathbb{Z})\). In other word, \(L_1\) is homologically unlinked from \(L_2\).