On linking of Lagrangian tori in R^4

DOI10.4310/JSG.2020.V18.N2.A3MaRDI QIDQ782735zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Laurent Côté

Publication date 28 July 2020

Published in The Journal of Symplectic Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.07853

zbMATH Keywords

enumerative invariantshomological linking of non-monotone torilinking obstructionslinking of monotone Lagrangian tori

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Global theory of symplectic and contact manifolds (53D35) Symplectic and contact topology in high or arbitrary dimension (57R17)

Abstract: We prove some results about linking of Lagrangian tori in the symplectic vector space $(mathbb{R}^4,omega)$. We show that certain enumerative counts of holomophic disks give useful information about linking. This enables us to prove, for example, that any two Clifford tori are unlinked in a strong sense. We extend work of Dimitroglou Rizell and Evans on linking of monotone Lagrangian tori to a class of non-monotone tori in $mathbb{R}^4$ and also strengthen their conclusions in the monotone case in $mathbb{R}^4$.

Review text

The paper is concerned with some linking properties of Lagrangian tori in \(\mathbb{R} ^4\) with its standard symplectic structure. Two Lagrangian tori \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are said to be smoothly unlinked if, roughly speaking, they can be isotoped away from each other without intersecting. Consider the following invariant of a Lagrangian torus in \(\mathbb{R}^4\): \[ A_2(L):=\min \{ \omega (\alpha)|\alpha \in \pi_2(\mathbb{R}^4, L), \,\mu (\alpha)=2, \,\omega (\alpha) >0\}, \] where \(\mu:\pi_2(\mathbb{R}^4, L)\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}\) is the Maslow class. The main results about monotone Lagrangian tori proved in the paper are the following: Theorem A. Let \(L_1,L_2 \subset \mathbb{R}^4\) be disjoint Clifford tori of possibly different monotonicity factors. Then \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are smoothly unlinked. Corollary 3.4. (Stated in a weaker form as Theorem B). Let \(L_1,L_2 \subset \mathbb{R}^4\) be disjoint Lagrangian tori. If \(L_1\) is monotone and \(A_2(L_2)\geq A_2(L_1)\), then \(L_1\) bounds a solid torus in the complement of \(L_2\). Moreover, \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are smoothly unlinked if and only if the image of the natural map \(\pi_1(L_1)\rightarrow \pi_1(\mathbb{R}^4-L_2)\) vanishes. If \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are both monotone and \(A_2(L_2)= A_2(L_1)\), then \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) are smoothly unlinked. Concerning non-monotone Lagrangian tori, the author extends results of \textit{G. D. Rizell} and \textit{J. D. Evans} [Geom. Topol. 18, No. 2, 997--1034 (2014; Zbl 1311.53065)] to admissible tori as follows: Theorem C. (Also stated as Theorem 5.7.) Let \(L_1,L_2 \subset \mathbb{R}^4\) be disjoint Lagrangian tori and suppose that \(L_1\) is admissible. If \(A_2(L_2)\geq A_2(L_1)\), then \([L_1]\) is the zero class in \(H_2(\mathbb{R}^4-L_2; \mathbb{Z})\). In other word, \(L_1\) is homologically unlinked from \(L_2\).

Recommendations

• Linking of Lagrangian tori and embedding obstructions in symplectic 4-manifolds
• Hamiltonian unknottedness of certain monotone Lagrangian tori in S^2 S^2
• Lagrangian tori in \(\mathbb{R}^ 4\)
• Non-displaceable Lagrangian links in four-manifolds
• Lagrange intersections in a symplectic space

Cited in

(6)

• Monodromy groups of Lagrangian tori in \(\mathbb R^{4}\)
• Unlinking and unknottedness of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds
• Uniqueness of extremal Lagrangian tori in the four-dimensional disc
• Linking of Lagrangian tori and embedding obstructions in symplectic 4-manifolds
• Lagrange intersections in a symplectic space
• Symplectic rigidity of fibers in cotangent bundles of open Riemann surfaces

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