Zariski \(K3\) surfaces (Q783784)

Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p\). A non-rational algebraic surface \(S\) over \(k\) is called a \textit{Zariski surface} if there exists a purely inseparable dominant rational map \(\mathbb{P}^2 \rightarrow S\) of degree \(p\). Zariski surfaces are always supersingular, since their \(l\)-adic cohomology \(H^2_{et}(S,\mathbb{Q}_l)\) is generated by algebraic cycles. It is however unknown whether the converse holds true. The article focuses on Zariski \(K3\) surfaces. First, the authors prove that, if \(p \not\equiv 1 \pmod{12}\), then any supersingular Kummer surface is a Zariski \(K3\) surface. Then they exhibit many new examples of Zariski \(K3\) surfaces of Artin invariant \(1 \le \sigma \le 3\), under some restrictions on the characteristic \(p\). The proofs rely on explicit geometric constructions, based on the knowledge of the automorphisms of elliptic and hyperelliptic curves, and on lattice theory.