The Kato square root problem for divergence form operators with potential (Q785657)

In this paper the author considers the Kato square root problem for divergence form operators with potential \(V:\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow \mathbb{C}\). This consists of the equivalence statement \[ ||(L+V)^{\frac{1}{2}}u||_{2}\simeq||\nabla u||_2+||V^{\frac{1}{2}}u||_{2}, \] where \(L+V=-\text{div}(A\nabla )+V\), and the perturbation \(A\) is assumed to be an \(L^{\infty}\) complex matrix-valued function satisfying an accretivity condition. The relation is proved for any potential with range contained in some positive sector, and satisfying \[ || |V|^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}u||_2+||(-\Delta)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}u||_2\lesssim ||(|V|-\Delta)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}u||_2, \] for all \(u\in D(|V|-\Delta)\) and some \(\alpha\in (1,2]\). The class of potentials that satisfy such a condition is known to contain the reverse Hölder class R\(H_2\) and \(L^{\frac{n}{2}}(\mathbb{R}^n\)) in dimension \(n>4\). To prove the Kato estimate with potential, the author develops a non-homogeneous version of the framework introduced by \textit{A. Axelsson} et al. [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 74, No. 1, 113--130 (2006; Zbl 1123.35013)] for proving quadratic estimates. The author applies this non-homogeneous framework to the scalar Kato problem with potential, the Kato problem for systems with zero-order potential and the scalar Kato problem with first-order potential.