Reduction of observer order by differentiation, almost controllability subspace covers and minimal order PID-observers (Q792929)

Let \(\Sigma\) be given by \(\dot x=Ax\), \(y=Cx\). A PID-observer for \(\Sigma\) is an observer \(\dot w=G(w,y), \hat x=F(w,L_ 0y,L_ 1y',...,L_ ky^{(k)}),\) such that its output equation is a linear map of the state of the observer, of the output and of some derivatives of the output. The author provides a geometric theory of PID-observer. Moreover he generalizes the notions of dynamic cover and cover index notions introduced by \textit{W. M. Wonham} and \textit{A. S. Morse} [Automatica 8, 93- 100 (1972; Zbl 0235.93007)]. Using these indices he defines the minimal order PID-observer and proves the existence of minimal order PID- observers in the case in which the observer must identify a linear functional of the state of the system.