The Fatou theorem on the boundary behaviour of derivatives in the class of biharmonic functions (Q795965)

The solution of the Dirichlet problem in the unit circle of the complex plane \(z=re^{ix}\), \[ f(r,x)=(1/2\pi)\int^{\pi}_{-\pi}f(t)(1-r^ 2)/[1-2r \cos(t-x)+r^ 2]dt \] is known as Poisson's formula. Here f(t) is a 2\(\pi\)-periodic function. A detailed study of f(r,x) was made by Fatou in 1906. A similar study is made in this paper for a biharmonic function satisfying on the unit circle \(\Gamma\) the conditions \(u|_{\Gamma}=f(x)\), \(\partial u/\partial n|_{\Gamma}=0\). For these functions the author proves the following two theorems: (1) There exist such 2\(\pi\)-periodic functions f(t) satisfying the condition \(D_ 1f(x_ 0)=0\) for which the limit lim \(\partial f(r,x)/\partial x\) for r exp(ix)\({\hat \to}\exp(ix_ 0)\) does not exist; (2) there exist such 2\(\pi\)-periodic functions f(t) satisfying the condition \(D^ 2f(x_ 0)=0\) for which the limit lim \(\partial^ 2f(r,x)/\partial x^ 2\) for r exp(ix)\({\hat \to}\exp(ix_ 0)\) does not exist. Here f(r,x) denotes the biharmonic function satisfying on \(\Gamma\) the above conditions; \(D_ 1f(x_ 0)\) is the first derivative in the Schwarz sense of f(x) in \(x_ 0\); \(D^ 2f(x_ 0)\) is the second derivative in the Schwarz sense; r exp(ix)\({\hat \to}\exp(ix_ 0)\) means the point \(re^{ix}\) tends to the point \(e^{ix}\) on a path nontangent to \(\Gamma\). These two theorems extend other similar results from the theory of harmonic functions.