Stationary solutions of a spatially aggregating population model (Q800258)

We are concerned with stationary solutions of the following non-linear degenerate diffusion equation \[ (1)\quad u_ t=(u^ m)_{xx}+[u(\int^{x}_{x-r}udy-\int^{x+r}_{x}udy)]_ x\quad in\quad {\mathbb{R}}\times (0,\infty), \] where \(m>1\) is a constant, 0\(\leq r\leq\infty \) a parameter and u(x,t)\(\geq 0\) denotes the population density at position \(x\in {\mathbb{R}}\) and time \(t>0\). Equations of this type, proposed by \textit{T. Nagai} and \textit{M. Mimura} [J. Math. Soc. Japan 35, 539-562 (1983; Zbl 0535.92019)], represent a spatially spreading population model for a class of aggregating phenomena of individuals. The first term corresponds to the transport of population through a nonlinear diffusion process called density-dependent dispersal. The second term provides an aggregative mechanism that moves individuals to the right (resp. left) direction when \(\int^{x+r}_{x}u(y,t)dy>\int^{x}_{x-r}u(y,t)dy (resp.<)\). Thus a non-trivial stationary solution of (1) ecologically exhibits an aggregation of individuals.