Hamiltonian systems, Lagrangian tori and Birkhoff's theorem (Q811527)

Consider the cotangent bundle \(T^*{\mathbb{T}}^ n\) of the \(n\)-dimensional torus endowed with the standard symplectic structure. A Hamiltonian flow on \(T^*{\mathbb{T}}^ n\) is called optical if it is generated by a time- periodic fibrewise strictly convex Hamiltonian function. In this paper we study smooth Lagrangian tori invariant under a symplectic diffeomorphism \(A\) of \(T^*{\mathbb{T}}^ n\) which can be represented as time-one map of an optical Hamiltonian flow. Our main result states that such a Lagrangian torus, say \(L\), is a section of the cotangent bundle if the following conditions hold -- \(L\) is homologous to the zero section of the cotangent bundle -- The suspension of \(A\mid L\) admits no transversal codimension \(1\) cycles homologous to zero. In particular the last condition is satisfied if \(A\mid L\) is chain recurrent. This result is a high-dimensional version of the classical second Birkhoff's theorem on invariant curves of twist area-preserving maps of the annulus. We discuss also possible generalizations of twist condition and a theorem of J. Moser on representation of symplectic twist maps as time one maps of optical Hamiltonian flows.