Topologically left invariant means on semigroup algebras (Q812170)

Let \(S\) be a locally compact Hausdorff semitopological semigroup, \(M(S)\) its measure algebra and \(M_0(S)\) the set of all probability measures in \(M(S).\) Following \textit{J. C. S. Wong} [Pac. J. Math. 48, 615--619 (1973; Zbl 0276.43004)], a linear functional \(M\in M(S)^{**}\) is called a mean if \(M(f)\geq 0\) for every \(f\in M(S)^*\) which is nonnegative on positive measures, and \(M(1)=1,\) where \(1\) denotes the functional \(\mu\mapsto \mu(S).\) The mean \(M\) is topologically left invariant if \( M (f\mu)= M(f)\) for every \(f\in M(S)^*\) and every \(\mu\in M_0(S)\) (here \(f\mu\) is the linear functional \(\nu \mapsto f(\mu*\nu)\)). Essentially using a previous result of the same author [Bull. Iran. Math. Soc. 28, No. 2, 69--75 (2002; Zbl 1027.22003)], the following theorem is proved (Theorem 1): If \(S\) has an identity and there exists \(\nu\in M_0(S)\) such that the map \(x\in S \mapsto \delta_x*\nu\in M(S)\) is (norm) continuous, then the existence of a topologically left invariant mean on \(M(S)^*\) is equivalent to the fact that for every finite subset \(F\) of \(M(S)\) \[ \inf_{\sigma \in M_0(S)}\sup_{\mu \in F}| | \mu*\sigma| | \leq \sup_{\mu \in F}| \mu(S)| . \] The remaining part of the paper is devoted to giving two further characterizations of the existence of a topologically left invariant mean on \(M(S)^*\) for a general semitopological semigroup \(S\) in terms of fixed points and invariant extensions of actions of \(M(S)\) on convenient spaces.