Hopf powers and orders for some bismash products. (Q814778)

Let \(k\) be a field, and \(H\) a \(k\)-Hopf algebra with multiplication and comultiplication given by \(\mu\) and \(\Delta\), respectively. Any integer \(n\) determines a linear map \([n]\colon H\to H\) given by \([n](h)=\mu^n\Delta^n(h)\) if \(n>0\), \([n](h)=S[-n](h)\) if \(n<0\), and \([0](h)=\varepsilon(h)\), where \(S\) and \(\varepsilon\) are the antipode and augmentation maps. In the case where \(H\) is commutative then \([n]\) corresponds to the map on the group scheme \(\text{Spec}(H)\) given by the \(n\)-th power map -- the smallest such \(n>0\) can be thought of as the exponent of \(\text{Spec}(H)\), and hence the exponent of \(H\). The work above leads to a generalization of exponent in the case where \(H\) is not necessarily commutative. In the case of involutive Hopf algebras Etingof and Gelaki define the Hopf order of \(h\in H\) to be the least positive integer \(n\) such that \(h^{[n]}=0\) (where \(h^{[n]}\) is defined to be \([n](h)\)) -- furthermore the exponent of \(H\) is the smallest positive \(n\) such that \([n]\) is trivial. We say that \(H\) satisfies the power rule if \((h^{[m]})^{[n]}=h^{[mn]}\). If \(H\) satisfies the power rule then it is proved that \(H\) has an element of order \(n\) if and only if \(n\) divides the exponent of \(H\). If the power rule fails to hold then the above is no longer true. In fact there exist Hopf algebras \(H\) with elements whose Hopf order does not divide \(\dim H\). Let \(T_n=T_n(H)\) be the \(n\)-th trivial power space of \(H\) (i.e. \(T_n=\ker([n]-\eta\varepsilon)\)) and \(T_{m,n}=T_m\cap T_n\). The study of Hopf orders is facilitated through the study of these spaces since \(H\) contains an element of Hopf order \(n\) iff \(t_n(H)>t_{m,n}(H)\) for all \(m<n\) (where \(t_\cdot(H)=\dim T_\cdot(H)\)). These \(t_{m,n}(H)\) are explicitly computed in the case where \(H=\mathbb{Q} G\), \(G=S_3\), \(A_4\), and \(S_4\), as well as when \(H=k^G\) for the same groups. One of the interesting results in these computations is that \(\mathbb{Q} S_3\) contains elements of Hopf order 5 (despite the fact that \(S_3\) has no element of order 5). It is known that \(t_n(H)=t_n(H^*)\) for all \(H\), and the work above suggests that \(t_{m,n}(H)=t_{m,n}(H^*)\) as well. The authors then consider the Drinfeld double of these group rings. A table is given for \(t_{m,n}(D(\mathbb{Q} S_3))\), \(t_{m,n}(D(\mathbb{Q} A_4))\) and \(t_{m,n}(D(\mathbb{Q} S_4))\) as well as some computations on their duals. Tables are also given for bismash products of matched pairs of groups obtained from a factorizable group. Several examples of these calculations are presented here, the two largest being \(t_{m,n}(\mathbb{Q}^{C_5}\#\mathbb{Q} S_4)\) and \(t_{m,n}(\mathbb{Q}^{S_4}\#\mathbb{Q} C_5)\). Much of these computations are done via Maple -- the code is supplied at the end of the paper.