Normalizers of ad-nilpotent ideals (Q819003)

This paper concerns the theory of ad-nilpotent ideals. Let \(\mathfrak{g}\) be a complex simple Lie algebra and \(\mathfrak{b}\) a Borel subalgebra. The authors study the normalizer in \(\mathfrak{g}\) of ad-nilpotent ideals of \(\mathfrak{b}\). An ideal of \(\mathfrak{b}\) is called ad-nilpotent, if it is contained in \([\mathfrak{b},\mathfrak{b}]\). Several general descriptions of the normalizer are given: using the weight of an ideal (Section 2); or the affine Weyl group and integer points in a certain simplex (Section 2); or a relationship with dominant regions of the Shi arrangement (Section 3). Explicit enumerative results are obtained for \(\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{sl}_n\) (Section 5) and \(\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{sp}_{2n}\) (Section 6), which demonstrate a connection with the Motzkin and Riordan numbers, number of directed animals and trinomial coefficients.