Construction of dendriform trialgebras. (Q819833)

Dendriform trialgebras introduced recently by Loday and Ronco are associative algebras whose product splits into three binary operations subject to some compatibility conditions. In the present note the authors give several explicit realizations of dendriform trialgebras in terms of noncommutative polynomials in infinitely many variables. Let \(K\langle a_1,\dots,a_n\rangle\) be the free associative algebra of rank \(n\) over a field \(K\) of characteristic 0 and let \(K\langle A\rangle=\varprojlim K\langle a_1,\dots,a_n\rangle\). The main result is the realization of the free dendriform trialgebra in one generator as the sub-trialgebra of \(K\langle A\rangle\) generated by the infinite sum \(a_1+a_2+\cdots\) of the variables. The realizations involve also noncommutative quasi-symmetric functions, bidendriform bialgebras, and Hopf algebras.