Structure of quasivariety lattices. IV: Nonstandard quasivarieties (Q820488)

Let \(\sigma\) be a finite signature and let \(\mathcal M\) be a quasivariety of signature \(\sigma\). According to Definition 4 of the paper, a class \(\mathcal A=\{\mathbb A_X\;|\;X\in {\mathcal P}_{\textrm{fin}}(\omega)\}\subseteq {\mathcal M}\) of finite \(\sigma\)-structures is called a \textit{finite \(B\)-class} with respect to \(\mathcal M\) if \begin{itemize} \item[(\(B_0\))] \(\mathbb A_{\emptyset}\) is a trivial structure. \item[(\(B_1\))] if \(X = Y \cup Z\) in \({\mathcal P}_{\textrm{fin}}(\omega)\), then \(\mathbb A_X\) belongs to the quasivariety generated by \(\mathbb A_Y\) and \(\mathbb A_Z\). \item[(\(B_2\))] if \(\emptyset\neq X\in {\mathcal P}_{\textrm{fin}}(\omega)\) and \(\mathbb A_X\) belongs to the quasivariety generated by \(\mathbb A_Y\), then \(X=Y\). \item[(\(B_3\))] if \(F \in {\mathcal P}_{\textrm{fin}}(\omega)\), \(i \in \omega\), and \(f \in \textrm{Hom}(\mathcal A_F, A_{\{i\}})\), then either \(f(\mathbb A_F) \cong \mathbb A_{\emptyset}\) or \(i \in F\). \item[(\(B_4\))] if \(F \in {\mathcal P}_{\textrm{fin}}(\omega)\), then any homomorphic image of \(\mathbb A_F\) that lies in \(\mathcal M\) must lie in \(\mathcal A\). \end{itemize} The main results of the paper are that if \(\mathcal M\) is a quasivariety with a finite \(B\)-class, then \(\mathcal M\) has continuously many nonstandard subquasivarieties, each of which has a finitely partitionable independent quasiequational basis relative to \(\mathcal M\) (Theorem 5), and \(\mathcal M\) has continuously many nonstandard subquasivarieties, none of which has a finitely partitionable independent quasiequational basis relative to \(\mathcal M\) (Theorem 4). The paper concludes with a section that provides many examples of quasivarieties containing a finite \(B\)-class. For Part III see [the authors, Algebra Logic 59, No. 3, 222--229 (2020; Zbl 1484.08016); translation from Algebra Logika 59, No. 3, 323--333 (2020)].