Basic concepts of quantale-enriched topologies (Q825979)

A \textit{topological space} is a pair \((X,\tau)\), where \(X\) is a set, and \(\tau\) is a subset of the powerset \(P(X)\), which is closed under arbitrary unions and finite intersections~[\textit{R. Engelking}, General topology. Berlin: Heldermann Verlag (1989; Zbl 0684.54001)]. The authors of the present paper first provide the categorical foundations of the axioms of topological spaces in the category \(\mathsf{Sup}\) of \(\bigvee\)-semilattices and \(\bigvee\)-preserving maps as follows: (1) the powerset \(P(X)\) of the set \(X\) is the free \(\bigvee\)-semilattice generated by \(X\); (2) the inclusion map \(\tau\hookrightarrow P(X)\) is \(\bigvee\)-preserving, i.e., \(\tau\) is a subobject of \(P(X)\) in the category \(\mathsf{Sup}\); (3) the top element of \(P(X)\) belongs to \(\tau\); (4) \(\tau\) is closed under the binary intersection operation \(\cap\), i.e., a binary operation in the sense of \(\mathsf{Sup}\). Given a unital quantale \(\mathcal{Q}=(Q,\ast,e)\)~[\textit{P. Eklund} et al., Semigroups in complete lattices. Quantales, modules and related topics. Cham: Springer (2018; Zbl 1491.06001)], one can form the \textit{opposite quantale} of \(\mathcal{Q}\), i.e., the quantale \(\mathcal{Q}^{op}=(Q,\ast^{op},e)\), where \(u\ast^{op}v=v\ast u\) for every \(u,v\in Q\). The authors of the present paper second make the following two observations: (1) the category \(\mathsf{Sup}\) is isomorphic to the category \(\mathsf{Mod}_r(\mathbf{2})\) of right \(\mathbf{2}\)-modules in \(\mathsf{Sup}\), where \(\mathbf{2}\) is the two-element unital quantale \((\{0,1\},\wedge,1)\)~[\textit{A. Joyal} and \textit{M. Tierney}, An extension of the Galois theory of Grothendieck. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1984; Zbl 0541.18002)]; (2) the category \(\mathsf{Sup}(\mathcal{Q}^{op})\) of cocomplete, skeletal \(\mathcal{Q}^{op}\)-categories and cocontinuous \(\mathcal{Q}^{op}\)-functors is isomorphic to the category \(\mathsf{Mod}_r(\mathcal{Q})\) of right \(\mathcal{Q}\)-modules in \(\mathsf{Sup}\) [\textit{I. Stubbe}, Theory Appl. Categ. 16, 283--306 (2006; Zbl 1119.18005)]. The authors of the present paper third provide a ``systematic and coherent account of the axiomatic foundations of quantale-enriched topologies'' from the perspective of right modules in the category \(\mathsf{Sup}\), i.e., replacing the two-element unital quantale \(\mathbf{2}\) with an arbitrary unital quantale \(\mathcal{Q}\) (in other words, moving from the category \(\mathsf{Sup}\cong\mathsf{Mod}_r(\mathbf{2})\) to the above category \(\mathsf{Mod}_r(\mathcal{Q})\)). They additionally present the following three interesting examples of their theory: (1) a topologization of the idempotent and left-sided quantale of all closed left ideals of a non-commutative and unital \(C^{\ast}\)-algebra~[\textit{S. Sakai}, \(C^*\)-algebras and \(W^*\)-algebras. Berlin: Springer (1998; Zbl 1024.46001)]; (2) lower regular function frames of approach spaces~[\textit{R. Lowen}, Index analysis. Approach theory at work. London: Springer (2015; Zbl 1311.54002)]; (3) \(\mathcal{Q}\)-valued topological spaces of, e.g.,~[\textit{H. Lai} and \textit{W. Tholen}, Topology Appl. 230, 599--620 (2017; Zbl 1376.54003)]. The paper is well written, provides most of its required preliminaries (the omitted concepts can be easily found with the help of the provided references), and will be of interest to all those researchers who study categorical topology.