On horospheric limit sets of Kleinian groups (Q826452)

Let \((\mathbb{B}^{n+1},d)\), \(n\geq 1\), be the unit ball model of \((n+1)\)-dimensional hyperbolic space with the hyperbolic distance \(d\). The \(n\)-dimensional unit sphere \(\mathbb{S}^n\) is the boundary at infinity of hyperbolic space. The limit set \(L(G)\) of a Kleinian group \(G\) is the set of accumulation points of an arbitrary \(G\)-orbit, and is a closed subset of \(\mathbb{S}^n\). If \(L(G)\) consists of more than two points, then it is uncountable and perfect, and \(G\) is called non-elementary. A point \(\xi \in L(G)\) is a horospheric limit point if for any \(x \in \mathbb{B}^{n+1}\) every horosphere tangent to \(\mathbb{S}^n\) at \(\xi\) contains an orbit point \(gx\) for some \(g \in G\). The set of all horospheric limit points of \(G\) is called the horospheric limit set and is denoted by \(L_h(G)\). A point \(\xi \in L(G)\) is an element of the big horospheric limit set, denoted \(L_H(G)\), if for \(x \in \mathbb{B}^{n+1}\) there is some horosphere tangent to \(\mathbb{S}^n\) at \(\xi\) that contains infinitely many orbit points in \(Gx\). We have \(L_h(G) \subset L_H(G)\). P. Tukia asked how big this difference might be. In the paper under review, the authors give a partial answer to this question. They study the case of normal subgroups of Kleinian groups of divergence type. In Theorem 5.2 it is proved that if \(N\) is some non-trivial normal subgroup of a Kleinian group \(G\) of divergence type, then \(\mu^{\delta(G)}(L_H(N)\setminus L_h(N))=0\) for some \(N\)-invariant conformal measure \(\mu^{\delta(G)}\) of dimension \(\delta(G)\), where \(\delta(G)\) is the critical exponent. This result is obtained as a consequence of Theorem 5.1 where it is proved that the Myrberg limit set of a Kleinian group \(G\) is always contained in the horospheric limit set of any non-trivial normal subgroup \(N\) of \(G\). A point \(\xi \in L(G)\) is a Myrberg limit point of \(G\) if for any distinct limit points \(x, y \in L(G)\) and for any geodesic ray \(\beta\) towards \(\xi\) there is a sequence \(\{g_n\} \subset G\) such that \(g_n(\beta)\) converges to the geodesic line connecting \(x\) and \(y\). The set of all Myrberg limit points of \(G\) is called the Myrberg limit set and is denoted by \(L_M(G)\). Several classes of examples are provided in the paper, as well as two conjectures. The authors conjecture that the statement of Theorem 5.2 also holds for Kleinian groups for which the convex hull of the limit set admits a uniformly distributed set whose Poincaré series diverges at its critical exponent. At the end of the paper, it is also conjectured that the Hausdorff dimension of \(L_M(G)\) coincides with the critical exponent for all non-elementary Kleinian group.