Universal \(L^p\) improving for averages along polynomial curves in low dimensions (Q837060)

Near sharp \(L^p\to L^q\) boundedness of averaging operators along polynomial curves is proved in two and three dimensions. The results provide an alternate proof and extension of results of \textit{D. M. Oberlin} [Math. Scand. 90, No. 1, 126--138 (2002; Zbl 1034.42012)]. Given a smooth curve \(\gamma:I\to \mathbb{R}^d\) one defines the affine arclength measure \(\nu=\nu_\gamma \) by its action on test functions as \[ \nu(\phi) = \int_I \phi(\gamma(t)) |L_\gamma (t)|^{2\over d(d+1)}\, dt \] where \(L_\gamma (t)=\text{det}\, (\gamma'(t),\dots, \gamma^{(d)}(t))\). The measure \(\nu\) is invariant under reparametrizations of \(\gamma\). One defines the convolution along \(\gamma\) by \[ T_\gamma f(x) = f\ast\nu (c) =\int_I f(x-\gamma(t)) |L_\gamma (t)|^{2\over d(d+1)}\, dt. \] Here, the problem of obtaining bounds for polynomial curves \({\mathbf{P}(t)}=(P_1 (t),\dots, P_d(t))\) with bounds depending only on the degree of the polynomials in dimensions two and three is considered. Actually, different arguments are needed \(d=2\) and \(d=3\). The main theorem states that for \(d=2,3\) and for any \(\epsilon>0\) there exists a \(C\) that depends only on \(\epsilon\), the dimension, and the degree of \(\mathbf{P}\) but not on \(I\) such that \[ \|\mathcal{A}\|_{L^{{d^2+d\over 2d-2},{d+1\over 2}+\epsilon}}\leq C\|f\|_{L^{d+2\over 2}} \] and \[ \|\mathcal{A}\|_{L^{{d+1\over d-1},{d^2+d\over d^2-d+2}+\epsilon}}\leq C\|f\|_{L^{d^2+d\over d^2-d+2}}. \] The norms on the left are Lorentz space norms. The fact that the result cannot be pushed to \(\epsilon=0\) follows from general homogeneity properties. The proofs combine a combinatorial method due to \textit{M. Christ} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 1998, No. 19, 1033--1048 (1998; Zbl 0927.42008)] together with a geometric inequality for vector polynomials due to the authors in earlier work [C. R., Math., Acad. Sci. Paris 346, No. 1--2, 45--48 (2008; Zbl 1175.42008)].