Spectral extension of the quantum group cotangent bundle (Q842498)

A simple description of the extended Heisenberg double (cotangent bundle) of \(\text{SL}_q(n)\) in terms of a new set of generators, which derives \(\text{SL}_q(n)\)-type dynamical \(R\)-matrices, is given (\S3.3). Then solutions of an evolution operator for the model of the \(q\)-deformed isotropic top [\textit{A. Yu Alekseev} and \textit{L. D. Faddeev}, J. Math. Sci., New York 77, No.~3, 3137--3145 (1995); translation from Zap. Nauchn. Semin. POMI 200, 3--16 (1992; Zbl 0835.17008), \url{arxiv:hep-th/9406196}; hereafter refered to as [1]] are calculated. The evolution operator is not uniquely defined and two expressions are given, one by the Riemann theta function, and the other by an almost free motion operator in terms of the logarithm of the spectral variables. They are related by a modular functional equation for the Riemann theta function (\S4). As preliminaries, \S2 explains \(R\)-matrices; an element \({\mathcal R}\in{\mathfrak A}\otimes{\mathfrak A}\) such that \({\mathcal R}\Delta(x)= \Delta^{op}(x){\mathcal R}\), \({\mathfrak A}\) is a unital Hopf algebra, \(\Delta\) is its coproduct and \(\Delta^{op}(x)= x_2\otimes x_1\) if \(\Delta(x)= x_1\otimes x_2\). After dealing with the \(R\)-matrix representation of the braid group and the Hecke type \(R\)-matrix, a \(\text{GL}_q(n)\)-type \(R\)-matrix \(R\) is defined if it satisfies \[ A^{(n)}\Biggl({q^n\over n_q} I- R_n\Biggr) A^{(n)}= 0,\quad \text{rk\,}A^{(n)}= 1. \] Here \(R\) is assumed to satisfy characteristic identity \((R- qI)(R+ q^{-1}I)= 0\), where \((q^i- q^{-i}(q- q^{-1})\neq 0\), \(2\leq i\leq k\), and \(A^{(k)}\) is the \(k\)-antisymmetrizer (Def. 2.7). In \S3, as algebras of quantized functions over the matrix semigroup and the matrix group, the RTT algebra \({\mathfrak F}[R]\) and its extension \({\mathfrak F}{\mathfrak G}[R]\) are defined [Def. 3.1. cf. \textit{V. G. Drinfel'd}, J. Math. Sci. 41, 898--915 (1988; Zbl 0641.16006)]. The determinant of the matrix \(T\) is defined by \(\text{Tr}_{(1,\dots, n)}(A^{(n)}T_1\cdots T_n)\) (\S3, (3.1.6)). Then, the \(\text{GL}_q(n)\)-type RTT algebra \({\mathfrak F}_{\text{GL}_q(n)}[R]\) and the \(\text{SL}_q(n)\)-type RTT algebra \({\mathfrak F}_{\text{SL}_q(n)}[R]\) are defined. Quantum right invariant vector fields are defined as elements of the reflection equation algebra (RE algebra) \({\mathfrak L}{\mathfrak G}[R]\) [Def. 3.7., \textit{P. P. Kulish} and \textit{E. K. Skylyanin}, J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 25, No. 22, 5963--5975 (1992; Zbl 0774.17019)]. In the Hecke type RE algebra, elementary symmetric functions can be defined. Then, Cayley-Hamilton and Newton identities in the \(\text{GL}_q(n)\) type and Hecke type RE algebras are described (Th.3.13). By these identities, characteristic polynomials of the \(\text{GL}_q(n)\) type RE algebras are described and semisimple spectral completions of \(\text{GL}_q(n)\) and \(\text{SL}_q(n)\) type RE algebras are defined by using characteristic polynomials (Def. 3.15). After these preparations, an algebra of quantized differential operators over the matrix group (Heisenberg dual(HD)) \({\mathfrak D}{\mathfrak G}[R,\gamma]\) are defined to be the algebra generated by the components of the matrices \(T\), whose components generate \({\mathfrak F}{\mathfrak G}[R]\), and \(L\), whose components generate \({\mathfrak L}{\mathfrak G}[R]\) with the relation \[ \gamma^2 T_1 L_2= R_{12} L_1 R_{12} T_1 \] [Def. 3.19., cf. \textit{M. A. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskij}, Theor. Math. Phys. 93, No.~2, 1292--1307 (1992); translation from Teor. Mat. Fiz. 93, No. 2, 302--329 (1992; Zbl 0834.22019)]. The authors remark that the Heisenberg dual is closely related to a smash product [cf. \textit{S. Montgomery}, Hopf algebras and their actions on rings, Regional Conference Series in Mathematics. 82. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1993; Zbl 0793.16029)]. After studying relations in the Hecke type HD algebra \({\mathfrak D}{\mathfrak G}[R,\gamma]\), the \(\text{GL}_q(n)\)-type HD algebra \({\mathfrak D}_{\text{GL}_q(n)}[R,\gamma]\) is defined by the relations \[ \gamma^{2n}L(\text{det}_RT)^{-1}= q^2(\text{det}_RT)^{-1}(O_r LO^{_1}_R),\quad \gamma^{2n}(a_n)^{-1} T= q^2 T(a_n)^{-1}. \] \({\mathfrak D}_{\text{SL}_q(n)}[R]\) is similarly defined taking quotient by relations \(\text{det}_RT= 1\) and \(a_n= q^{-1}I\) (Prop.3.24). The elements of the characteristic subalgebra of a \(\text{GL}_q(n)\) type HD algebra are shown to satisfy the commutation relation \[ \gamma^{2nk}\text{det}_R T\text{\,ch}(x^{(k)})= g^{2k}ch(x^{(k)})\text{det}_RT \] (Cor.3.26). Then a (semisimple) spectral completion of the \(\text{GL}_q(n)\) (or \(\text{SL}_q(n)\)) type HD algebra \(\overline{{\mathfrak D}}_{\text{GL}_q(n)}[R,\gamma]\) by the algebra of polynomials in mutually commuting indeterminants \(\mu^\pm_\alpha\) is defiend by the Weyl relations \[ \gamma^2(P^\beta T) \mu_\alpha= q^{2\delta_{\alpha\beta}} \mu_\alpha(P^\beta T) \] (Th.3.27). In \(\overline D_{\text{GL}_q(n)}[R,\gamma]\), the permutation relation \[ \gamma^{2n}\text{det}_R T\mu_\alpha= q^2 \mu_\alpha et_RT \] (Cor. 3.31) is shown. These are the first main results in this paper. In Def. 3.19, a HD algebra is constructed by quantum right invariant vector fields. Corresponding constructions by quantum left invariant vector fields and explicit relations between the spectra of left and right invariant vector fields are given in subsection 3.4 (detailed calculations are given in Appendix B). \S3 is concluded by showing that the dynamical \(R\)-matrix, which was used in the construction of the HD algebra in [\textit{A. Yu. Alekseev} and \textit{L. D. Faddeev}, Commun. Math. Phys. 141, No.~2, 413--422 (1991; Zbl 0767.17024), hereafter refered to as [2]], satisfies the dynamical Yang-Baxter equation (Cor.3.37) \[ R(\mu)^{12} R(\nabla^1(\mu))^{23} R(\mu)^{12}= R(\nabla^1(\mu))^{23} R(\mu)^{12} R(\nabla^1(\mu))^{23}, \] where \(\nabla^1\) is a diagonal shift operator (Cor. 3.37). The authors say dynamical solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation are calculated by solving a system of three linear equations. In [1],[2], a discrete time evolution (\(q\)-deformed quantum isotropic top) \[ \begin{aligned} \theta^k:{\mathfrak D}{\mathfrak G}[R,\gamma] &\to {\mathfrak D}{\mathfrak G}[R,\gamma],\\ \theta^k(T,L) & = (T(k), L(k)),\;T(k)= L^kT,\;L(k)= L,\end{aligned} \] is introduced. \(\theta\) agrees with the defining relations of \({\mathfrak D}{\mathfrak G}[R,\gamma]\) and is consistent with the reduction condition in the definition of \(\text{SL}_q(n)\) (Prop.4.1). To solve this equation, the authors impose the ansatz \[ T(k+ 1)= LT(k)= (ga_n)^{1/n}\Theta T(k)\Theta^{-1}, \Theta\in\overline{{\mathfrak C}{\mathfrak h}}[R]. \] If \(|q|< 1\), by setting \(\Theta(\mu_n)= \sum\{\vec k\in\mathbb{Z}^{n-1} c(\vec k) \mu^{k_1}_1\cdots \mu^{k_{n-1}}_{n-1}\), by the above ansatz, a solution \(\Theta^{(1)}\) is obtained to be \[ \Theta^{(1)}(\mu_a)= \theta(\vec z,\Omega). \] Here, \(\theta(\vec z,\Omega)\) is a Riemann theta function and the parametrization is taken as \(q= \exp(2\pi i\tau)\), \(q^{1/n}\mu_\alpha= \exp(2\pi iz_\alpha)\) and \[ \sum^{n- 1}_{\alpha=1} z_\alpha= 0,\quad \Omega= {2\tau\over n} A^*_{\alpha\beta}= 2\tau\Biggl(\delta_{\alpha\beta}- {1\over n}\Biggr). \] As for arbitrary \(q\), assuming \(L\), \(M\) and \(T\) are diagonalized as \[ L= gU\,DU^{-1},\quad M= \gamma^2 q^{-1}V\, DV^{-1},\quad T= U^{-1}QV^{-1}, \] the anzats reduces to \(qDQ= \Theta Q\Theta^{-1}\). Hence, \[ \Theta^{(2)}(z_\alpha)= \exp\Biggl(-{\pi i\over 2\tau} \sum^n_{\beta= 1} z^2_\beta\Biggr) \] is shown to be a solution of the evolution equation. The authors stress that the logarithmic change of variables \(\mu_\alpha\to z_\alpha\) is inevitable in this case. By a functional equation for the Riemann theta function, relation \[ \Theta^{(2)}(\vec z)= {1\over \sqrt{n}}\Biggl({2\tau\over i}\Biggr)^{(n-1)/2}{\theta(\vec z,\Omega)\over\theta(\Omega^{-1}\vec z,-\Omega^{(1)}}. \] between \(\Theta^{(1)}= \theta\) and \(\Theta^{(2)}\) is given. These are the second main results of this paper. In the ntroduction, the authors say that to formulate a problem of spectral extension for the Heisenberg double over orthogonal and symplectic quantum groups and over quantum linear subgroups, and the extension of a modular double construction [\textit{L. D. Faddeev}, in: Conférence Moshé Flato 1999: Quantization, deformation, and symmetries, Dijon, France, September 5--8, 1999. Volume I. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Math. Phys. Stud. 21, 149--156 (2000; Zbl 1071.81533)] are further problems. The authors also mention an observation that a ribbon element serve a \(q\)-top evolution on the smash product algebra of a ribbon Hopf algebra with its dual Hopf algebra (\S4, example 4.3), which could open a way for the spectral extension of a quantum Hopf algebra.