Subproduct systems (Q845280)

Summary: The notion of a subproduct system, a generalization of that of a product system, is introduced. We show that there is an essentially 1 to 1 correspondence between \(cp\)-semigroups and pairs \((X,T)\), where \(X\) is a subproduct system and \(T\) is an injective subproduct system representation. A similar statement holds for subproduct systems and units of subproduct systems. This correspondence is used as a framework for developing a dilation theory for \(cp\)-semigroups. Results we obtain: (i) a *-automorphic dilation to semigroups of *-endomorphisms over quite general semigroups; (ii) necessary and sufficient conditions for a semigroup of CP maps to have a *-endomorphic dilation; (iii) an analogue of Parrot's example of three contractions with no isometric dilation, that is, an example of three commuting, contractive normal CP maps on \(B(H)\) that admit no *-endomorphic dilation (thereby solving an open problem raised by \textit{B.\,V.\,R.\thinspace Bhat} [Fields Inst.\ Commun.\ 20, 1--10 (1998; Zbl 0927.47003)]. Special attention is given to subproduct systems over the semigroup \(\mathbb{N}\), which are used as a framework for studying tuples of operators satisfying homogeneous polynomial relations, and the operator algebras they generate. As applications, we obtain a noncommutative (projective) Nullstellensatz, a model for tuples of operators subject to homogeneous polynomial relations, a complete description of all representations of Matsumoto's subshift \(C^*\)-algebra when the subshift is of finite type, and a classification of certain operator algebras -- including an interesting non-selfadjoint generalization of the noncommutative tori.