\(\varepsilon \)-regularity theorem and its application to the blow-up solutions of Keller-Segel systems in higher dimensions (Q847050)

An \(\varepsilon\)-regularity result is established for nonnegative solutions \((u,v)\) to the parabolic-elliptic chemotaxis system \[ \partial_t u = \nabla\cdot (\nabla u^m - u^{q-1} \nabla v)\,, \quad 0 = \Delta v -\gamma\;v + u\,, \quad (x,t)\in {\mathbb R}^N\times (0,\infty)\,, \] when \(\gamma>0\) and either \(N=2\), \(m\geq 1\), \(q\in [2,m+2)\), or \(N\geq 3\), \(m\geq 2(N-1)/N\), \(q\in [2,m+1)\). More precisely, there exists a small positive real number \(\varepsilon_0>0\) depending only on \(N\), \(m\), and \(q\) with the following property: if \(\sup{\{ \|u(t)\|_{L^{N(q-m)/2}(B(x_0,2\rho_0))}\;:\;t\in (0,T) \}} \leq\varepsilon_0\) for some \(x_0\in {\mathbb R}^N\) and \(\rho_0>0\), then \(u(x,t)\leq C\) for all \((x,t)\in B(x_0,\rho_0)\times (0,T)\) and some \(C>0\). This result provides information on the blowup set \(S_u\) of solutions \((u,v)\) that blow up at a finite time \(T\), this situation occurring when \(q\geq m+2/N\) and the \(L^{q(N-m)/2}\)-norm of \(u_0\) is sufficiently large. It is proved that, if \(u\in L^\infty(0,T;L^{q(N-m)/2}({\mathbb R}^N))\) and \[ t\longmapsto \int_{{\mathbb R}^N} u(x,t)\;\varphi(x)\;dx \in\mathcal{C}([0,T]) \] for all \(\varphi\in \mathcal{C}_0^\infty({\mathbb R}^N)\), then the Hausdorff dimension of \(S_u\) is equal to zero. Recall that \(x_0\in S_u\) if there exist sequences \((x_n)_n\) in \({\mathbb R}^N\), \((t_n)_n\) in \((0,T)\), and \((\rho_n)_n\) in \((0,\infty)\) such that \(x_n\to x_0\), \(t_n\to T\), \(\rho_n\to 0\) and \(\sup{\{ u(x,t_n)\;:\;x\in B(x_n,\rho_n)\}}\to \infty\) as \(n\to\infty\).