Polynomials on Riesz spaces (Q847052)

The paper is devoted to the study of polynomial mappings on Riesz spaces. All spaces considered are assumed to be Archimedean Riesz spaces. A~\(k\)-linear mapping \(A:E_{1}\times\dots\times E_{k}\rightarrow F\) is called positive if \(A(x_{1},\dots ,x_{k})\geq0\) whenever \(x_{1},\dots ,x_{k}\) lie in the positive cones of \(E_{1},\dots ,E_{k},\) respectively. A \(k\)-homogeneous polynomial \(P\) on a Riesz space \(E\) is defined to be positive if the (unique) symmetric \(k\)-linear mapping associated to \(P\) is positive. A \(k\)-linear mapping is said to be regular if it can be expressed as the difference of two positive \(k\)-linear mappings and, as expected, a \(k\)-homogeneous polynomial \(P\) is regular if the symmetric \(k\)-linear mapping that generates \(P\) is regular. Finally, a homogeneous polynomial is defined to be monotone on the positive cone if \(x\geq y\geq 0\) implies \(P(x)\geq P(y)\). The first section of the paper introduces basic results concerning positivity and monotonicity for polynomials. In the second section, the author recalls the concept of forward differences in order to present an intrinsic characterization of positivity of homogeneous polynomials, avoiding the use of the symmetric multilinear mappings associated to the polynomials. Let \(f\) be a real function defined on a vector space \(E\). For each positive integer \(k\) and \(h_{1},\dots ,h_{k}\in E\), the \(k\)-th forward difference \(\Delta^{k}f(x;h_{1},\dots ,h_{k})\) is defined recursively as follows: \[ \Delta^{1}f(x;h_{1})=f(x+h_{1})-f(x) \] and \[ \Delta^{k}f(x;h_{1},\dots ,h_{k})=\Delta^{1}\left( \Delta^{k-1}f(\,\cdot\, ;h_{1},\dots ,h_{k-1})\right) (x;h_{k}). \] If \(E\) is a Riesz space and \(P\) is a \(k\)-homogeneous polynomial on \(E,\) the following assertions are shown to be equivalent: (a) \(P\) is positive. (b) \(\Delta^{k}P(x;h_{1},\dots ,h_{k})\geq0\) for all \(x,h_{j}\in E^{+}\). (c) \(\Delta^{k-1}P(x;h_{1},\dots ,h_{k-1})\geq0\) for all \(x,h_{j}\in E^{+}\). (d) \(\Delta^{m}P(x;h_{1},\dots ,h_{m})\geq0\) for all \(m\) and for all \(x,h_{j}\in E^{+}\). In the last section of the paper, some interesting multilinear and polynomial extension theorems (Hahn-Banach type theorems) for positive and regular mappings are presented.