Gelfand transforms of \(\mathrm{SO}(3)\)-invariant Schwartz functions on the free group \(N_{3,2}\) (Q848118)

The spectrum of a Gelfand pair \((K\times N, K)\), where \(N\) is a nilpotent group, can be embedded in a Euclidean space. The authors prove that in general the Schwartz functions on the spectrum are the Gelfand transforms of Schwartz \(K\)-invariant functions on \(N\). They also show the converse in the case of the Gelfand pair \((\text{SO}(3)\times N_{3,2}, \text{SO}(3))\), where \(N_{3,2}\) is the free two-step nilpotent Lie group with three generators. This extends recent results for the Heisenberg group.