Toda equation and special polynomials associated with the Garnier system (Q850019)

The following Hamiltonian system is considered: \[ \partial q_i/\partial s_j=\partial H_j/\partial p_i,\quad \partial p_i/ \partial s_j= -\partial H_j/\partial q_i,\quad \] \(i,j=1,\dotsc,N\), where \[ \begin{multlined} s_i(s_i-1)H_i=q_i(\alpha+ \sum_jq_jp_j)(\alpha+ k_\infty+\sum_jq_jp_j)+ s_ip_i(q_ip_i- \theta_i)\\ -\sum_{j\not=i}R_{ji}(q_jp_j-\theta_j)q_ip_j -\sum_{j\not=i}S_{ij}(q_ip_i-\theta_i)q_jp_i- \sum_{j\not=i} R_{ij}q_jp_j(q_ip_i-\theta_i)\\ -\sum_{j\not=i}R_{ij}q_i p_i(q_jp_j- \theta_j)-(s_i+1)(q_ip_i-\theta_i)q_ip_i+(k_1s_i+k_0-1)q_ip_i,\end{multlined} \] and \(R_{ij}=s_i(s_j-1)/(s_j-s_i)\), \(S_{ij}=s_i(s_i-1)/(s_i- s_j)\), \(\alpha=-1/2(k_0+k_1+k_\infty+\sum_i\theta_i-1)\) is the Garnier system. A function defined by the equality \(d\log\tau(s;\vec{k})= \sum_{i}H_i\,ds_i\), where \(\vec{k}=(k_0,k_1,k_\infty,\theta_1, \dotsc,\theta_N)\) is called \(\tau\)-function [see \textit{K. Iwasaki, H. Kimura, S. Shimomura} and \textit{M. Yoshida}, From Gauss to Painlevé. A modern theory of special functions. Aspects of Mathematics, E.16. Braunschweig: Vieweg (1991; Zbl 0743.34014)]. In Theorem 3.2 it is proved that a certain sequence \(\{\tau_n\mid n\in\mathbb Z\}\) of \(\tau\)-functions satisfies the Toda equation: \(XY\log\tau_n= c_n\tau_{n-1}\tau_{n+1}/\tau^2_n\), where \(X\) and \(Y\) are vector fields such that \([X,Y]=0\) and \(c_n\) is a nonzero constant. Algebraic solutions of the Garnier system by using the Toda equation are constructed in Theorems 4.1 and 4.3. The corresponding \(\tau\)-functions are expressed in terms of the universal character \(S_{[\lambda,\mu]}\) [see \textit{K. Koike}, Adv. Math. 74, No. 1, 57--86 (1989; Zbl 0681.20030)] which is a generalization of Schur polynomial.