Maximal rank for planar singularities of multiplicity 2 (Q852660)

Let \(0\) be a singular point of the curve \(C\) in \(\mathbb{P}^2= \mathbb{P}^2_k\) (\(k\) an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic) and \(\mathcal O\) its local ring, let \(K\) be the cluster of the embedded resolution of \(C\). Consider the ideal \(I_K\) of all \(g\in \mathcal O\) such that the germ of curve \(g=0\) goes through the points of \(K\) with multiplicity at least as big as those of \(C\). If the curve \(C\) has several singular points, let \(K\) be the disjoint union of the clusters of all its singularities, let \(I_K\) denote the ideal sheaf supported at the proper points of \(K\) and locally defined as above, and let \(Z_K\) be the corresponding zero-dimensional subscheme of \(\mathbb{P}^2\). For every positive integer \(d\) the sections \(\Gamma(I_K(d))\) define curves through the points of \(K\) with the assigned multiplicities. If \(d\) is big enough, general curves in \(\mathbb{P}(\Gamma(I_K(d)))\) have the singularity type given by the Enriques diagram of \(K\). The conditions imposed by \(K\) are independent or there are no curves of degree \(d\) containing \(Z_K\) if and only if the canonical map \[ k[x,y,z]_d=\Gamma({\mathcal O}_{\mathbb{P}^2} (d)) \to \Gamma(\mathcal O_{Z_K}(d))=\Gamma(\mathcal O_{\mathbb{P}^2}/I_K(d)) \] is either surjective or injective, i.e. has maximal rank. If this happens for all \(d\), \(Z_K\) is said to be of maximal rank. The main result of this paper is that every collection of singularities of multiplicity two imposes independent conditions, with the only exceptions already known.