Weights whose biorthogonal polynomials admit a Rodrigues formula (Q852797)

Let \(P_n\) be a polynomial of degree \(n\) determined by the biorthogonality conditions \[ \int_0^1 P_n(x)(x^\alpha)^jw(x)\,dx =\begin{cases} 0& \text{ if }\;j<n,\\ \neq0 &\text{ if } j=n,\end{cases} \] where \(\alpha\) is positive real number and \(w:(0,1)\to[0,\infty)\) is infinitely differentiable, a.e. positive function with finite moments \[ \omega_{j,k}=\int_0^1 x^{\alpha j+k}w(x)\,dx,\qquad j,k=0,1,2,\dots. \] The authors prove that \(P_n,\;n\geq0\), admits (up to a constant multiple) the Rodrigues type representation \[ P_n(u^{\frac1\alpha})=\frac{u^{1-\frac1\alpha}}{w(u^{\frac1\alpha})}\Big(\frac d{du}\Big)^n [u^{\frac1\alpha-1}w(u^\frac1\alpha)(u(1-u^{\frac1\alpha}))^n] \] if and only if \(w\) is a Jacobi weight \[ w(x)=x^a(1-x)^b \] for some \(a,b>-1\). The similar results are also proved for Laguerre and Hermite weights.