Irresponsibility indicates an inability to be strong (Q861626)

Given a finite algebra \(M,\) the authors provide sufficient conditions for \(M\) not to have a height and therefore not to be strongly dualizable. Their approach is heavily dependent on the notion of primitive positive formulae (an existential conjunct of atomic formulae). So, in Section 2, the authors provide the definitions needed for the concept of height and introduce the new concept of a dense-in-Frag\(_{D(A)}\) set. In Section 3, they show that a dense-in-Frag\(_{D(A)}\) set with neither projections nor constant homomorphisms consists of homomorphisms all of which do not have a height. In Section 4 they introduce the concepts of responsible and irresponsible homomorphism. Section 5 gives conditions under which a particular set of irresponsible homomorphisms is dense in Frag\(_{D(A)}.\) They then use these results in Sections 6 and 7 to give examples of dualizable unary algebras that do not have a height, and therefore are not strongly dualizable. Finally, in Section 8 the authors give some more general results, and broaden the range of unary algebras known to be not strongly dualizable.