Integer-valued quadratic forms and quadratic Diophantine equations. (Q863696)

Let \(\xi \Phi\cdot^t\xi = \psi\) be a quadratic Diophantine equation where \(\Phi\) and \(\psi\) are symmetric matrices of size \(n\) and \(m\), and \(\xi\) is an \((m\times n)\)-matrix, with \(n>m\), det \(\Phi\cdot\det\psi 0\) and all these matrices are over an algebraic number field \(F\). The purpose of this paper is to present various new results on such an equation. For the case \(m=1\), a new arithmetic framework of such an equation was formulated by the author in 2004. In the present paper, the theory is extended to non scalar \(\psi\). It is shown here that the class of such a \(\xi\) determines a class in the orthogonal group in dimension \(n-m\) which is complementary to that of \(\psi\). A class number formula and a mass formula different from the formulas of Siegel have also been obtained. In 2006 G. Shimura classified all genera of the \(\mathbb{Z}\)-valued \(\Phi\). In this paper, this is generalized to the case of an arbitrary number field. Some explicit forms of formulas when \(\Phi\) is of size 3 and \(\psi\) is a scalar have also been obtained. For a historical perspective of this topic the reader is referred to \textit{G. Shimura} [Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 43, No. 3, 285--304 (2006; Zbl 1108.11034)].