Isometric immersions of \(\mathbb L^2\) into \(\mathbb L^4\) (Q864877)

From the text: ``Just as curvature is a fundamental concept of both Riemannian and semi-Riemannian geometry, the most basic problem in the theory of Riemannian and semi-Riemannian submanifolds is the classification of isometric immersions between model spaces of constant curvature. Generically, the semi-Riemannian theory follows the path suggested by the Riemannian one, but nevertheless there are deep and important differences between both. Even in the simplest case of isometric immersions \(\mathbb{L}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{L}^{n+p}\) between Lorentz spaces. One of the most significant differences is the existence of a certain type of isometric immersions of \(\mathbb{L}^2\) into \(\mathbb{L}^3\), discovered by \textit{L. K. Graves} in [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 252, 367--392 (1979; Zbl 0415.53041)] and named by him \textit{B-scrools}. These examples and their natural generalizations have non-diagonalizable shape operator and have played a fundamental role in many different problems in Lorentzian geometry, from classification of isometric immersion between space forms, to classification of submanifolds by means of characteristic equations and results on Lorentzian Willmore submanifolds\dots'' After this fundamental and important statement, the authors give a global Weierstraß representation for isometric immersion with flat normal bundle from domains of the Lorentz plane \(\mathbb{L}^2\) into \(\mathbb{L}^4\). This representation relies on the choice of two holomorphic data on a Riemannian surface, and the integration of a hyperbolic linear differential system. Finally, for an application they give classification results and construct complete examples in explicit coordinates by exact integration of differential system for some particular choices of the holomorphic data.