Local morphisms and modules with a semilocal endomorphism ring. (Q865031)

A semilocal ring is a ring whose factor by the Jacobson radical is semisimple. A homomorphism of rings is local if every element with invertible image is itself invertible. Based on the fact that every ring which has a local homomorphism into a semilocal ring is itself semilocal, the article gives several examples for modules having a semilocal endomorphism ring, such as (1) finitely presented modules over semilocal rings (Theorem 3.3), (2) finitely copresented modules, i.e., modules having an injective extension of finite Goldie dimension by a module of finite Goldie dimension (Corollary 5.5), (3) torsion-free finite-rank modules over an algebra over a commutative Noetherian semilocal domain of Krull dimension 1 (Corollary 5.9), (4) modules having both finite Goldie dimension and finite dual Goldie dimension (Corollary 6.5). Some results are generalized to Grothendieck categories. Along the way, a local homomorphism from every ring into a von Neumann regular ring is constructed (Theorem 5.3). The essential part of the proofs is the construction of local homomorphisms. These are mainly homomorphisms between endomorphism rings induced by additive functors. Notable additive functors are the canonical functor to the spectral category (obtained by making all essential monomorphisms invertible) and the dual one.