On the torsion of Jacobians of principal modular curves of level \(3^n\) (Q869249)

The authors demonstrate that the \(3\)-power torsion of the Jacobians of the principal modular curves \(X(3^{n})\) are fixed by the kernel of the canonical outer Galois representation of the pro-\(3\) fundamental group of the projective line minus three points. The authors also show that these curves satisfy a two-part criterion given by \textit{G. Anderson} and \textit{Y. Ihara} [Ann. Math. (2) 128, No. 2, 271--293 (1988; Zbl 0692.14018)].