Truncations of random unitary matrices and Young tableaux (Q870082)

Summary: Let \(U\) be a matrix chosen randomly, with respect to Haar measure, from the unitary group \(U(d)\). For any \(k\leq d\), and any \(k \times k\) submatrix \(U_k\) of \(U\), we express the average value of \(|\text{Tr}(U_k)|^{2n}\) as a sum over partitions of \(n\) with at most \(k\) rows whose terms count certain standard and semistandard Young tableaux. We combine our formula with a variant of the colour-flavour transformation of lattice gauge theory to give a combinatorial expansion of an interesting family of unitary matrix integrals. In addition, we give a simple combinatorial derivation of the moments of a single entry of a random unitary matrix, and hence deduce that the rescaled entries converge in moments to standard complex Gaussians. Our main tool is the Weingarten function for the unitary group.