On polynomials in three variables annihilated by two locally nilpotent derivations (Q876354)

The paper is organized in five sections. In the first one (introduction) one may read the main theorem of the paper (Theorem 1.10) that says that for \(f\in B= k^{[3]}\) (the polynomial ring in three variables over algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic zero) the following conditions are equivalent: (a) \(F\) is a basic element, (b) \(ML({\mathcal B})=k(f)\), where \({\mathcal B}=k(f) \otimes_{k[f]}B\), (c) \({\mathcal B}\in{\mathcal D}(k(f))\). In the above conditions \(ML(R)\) means the Makar-Limanov invariant for the ring \(R\), and \({\mathcal D}(K)\), for any field \(K\), the set of \(K\)-algebras isomorphic to \[ K[X, Y,Z]/(XY-\varphi (Z)) \] for some nonconstant polynomial \(\varphi(Z)\in K[Z] \setminus K\). In this section one can also read a definition of basic elements, trivial basic elements, Danielewski surface and about a connection between basic elements and a variables of \(k^{[3]}\). Section two (preliminary on locally nilpotent derivations) is devoted to locally nilpotent derivations on \(k^{[3]}\). There are definition of irreducible derivation and some facts about kernels of locally nilpotent derivations of \(k^{[3]}\) (e.g. 2.7). Section third (Irreducible polynomial belonging to at least one kernel) gives a lot of technical results. The most important of them are Propositions 3.6, 3.19 and 3.12. In the section four besides of the proof of the main theorem one may read about cennections between basic elements and the Makar-Limanov invariant of the surface given by this basic element. In the last section (families of Danielewski surfaces in \(A^3)\) one may read about irreducible polynomials (in three variables) such that general fiber of it is a Danielewski surface.