Nonlinear equations satisfying the nonresonance condition (Q877516)

Let \(H\) be a real Hilbert space and let \(A:H\to H\) be a linear self-adjoint operator such that \(D(A)\) is dense in \(H\). Suppose that there exists a system of eigenvectors of operator \(A\), complete and orthonormal in \(H\). Let \(B:H\to H\) be a monotonic (nonlinear) operator which is continuous from the strong topology in \(H\) to the weak topology in \(H\). Suppose that there exist positive constants \(C\), \(\gamma \) and a real constant \(\lambda \) such that \((B(u)-\lambda u,u)\geq \gamma \| B(u)- \lambda u\| ^2 -C\) for each \(u\in H\). Under additional assumptions concerning the spectral properties of \(A\), it is proved the existence of a solution of the equation \(Au+B(u)=f\) or \(Au-B(u)=f\) for each \(f\in H\). These results are used to prove the existence of a solution of several nonlinear boundary value problems. First, the following problem is studied: \(u_{tt}-u_{xx} +g(u)=f(x,t)\) for \(0<x<\pi \), \(t\in \mathbb{R}\); \(u(0,t)-h_1u_x'(0,t)=0\), \(u(\pi ,t)+h_2u_x'(\pi ,t)=0\) for \(t\in \mathbb{R}\). Then the one-dimensional problem \(u'' +g(u)=f(x)\) for \(x\in (0,\pi )\), \(u(0)=u(\pi )=0\) is studied. The last problem is the following: \(Lu+g(u)+f(x)=0\) in \(\Omega \), \(u=0\) on \(\partial \Omega \). Here, \(\Omega \) is a bounded Lipschitz domain in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and \(Lu=\sum \partial_i (a_{ij}(x) \partial_j u)\) is a strictly elliptic operator with smooth coefficients. The existence of a solution is proved, for example, under the assumption that \(n^2<\liminf g(u)/u \leq \limsup g(u)/u <(n+1)^2\) as \(u\to \infty \).