Ambrosetti - Prodi type multiplicity result for a wave equation with sublinear nonlinearity (Q882046)

The author considers a semilinear wave equation of the form \[ \partial_t^2 u-\partial_x^2-u+g(t,x,u)=s\phi_{1,0}+h(x,t), \] \[ u(0,t)=u(\pi,t)=0, \] where \(\phi_{1,0}(x,t)=\frac{1}{\pi}\sin(x)\) is the eigenfunction of the wave operator corresponding to the eigenvalue \(1\), and \(h(x,t)\) is \(2\pi\)-periodic with respect to \(t\), and is orthogonal to \(\phi_{1,0}(x,t)\). One seeks time-periodic solutions with period \(2\pi\). Under the assumptions that \(g(t,x,u)\) is non-negative, sublinear, and goes to infinity as \(u\rightarrow \infty\), it is proved that for \(s\) sufficiently large the problem has at least two solutions, while for \(s\) sufficiently small there are no solutions. The proof employs degree theory, but since the Leray-Schauder degree is not available due to the infinite dimensional kernel of the wave operator, the author uses a generalized degree theory constructed in \textit{J. Berkovits} [J. Differ. Equations 234, No. 1, 289--310 (2007; Zbl 1114.47049)].