Eigenvalue bounds for the poly-harmonic operators (Q887292)

Let \(\Omega \) be a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^d\), \(d \geq 2\), with smooth boundary. Then, the eigenvalues \(\Lambda_j^{(l)} \) of the Dirichlet poly-harmonic operator \((-\Delta)^l\) are defined in the following way \[ \begin{alignedat}{2} (-\Delta)^l w_j^{(l)} &= \Lambda_j^{(l)} w_j^{(l)} & \quad &\text{in } \Omega, \\ w_j^{(l)} &= \frac{\partial w_j^{(l)}}{\partial \nu} =\cdots = \frac{\partial^{(l-1)} w_j^{(l)}}{\partial \nu^{(l-1)}} = 0 & \quad & \text{on } \partial \Omega, \end{alignedat} \] where \( l \geq 1 \) and \( \nu \) denotes the outward unit normal to the boundary. It follows by induction that \[ (-\Delta)^{(l)} \varphi = \sum_{l_1+l_2+\cdots+l_d = l} \frac{(-1)^l l!}{l_1!l_2!\cdots l_d!}\frac{\partial^{2l}\varphi}{\partial x_1^{2l_1}\partial x_2^{2l_2}\cdots\partial x_d^{2l_d}}. \] The eigenvalues satisfy \[ 0 < \Lambda_1^{(l)} \leq \Lambda_2^{(l)} \leq \cdots \leq \Lambda_k^{(l)} \leq \cdots \to \infty, \] where each eigenvalue is counted as many times as its multiplicity. \textit{H. A. Levine} and \textit{M. H. Protter} [Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 7, 210--222 (1985; Zbl 0591.35050)] proved an extension of a result of \textit{P. Li} and \textit{S.-T. Yau} [Commun. Math. Phys. 88, 309--318 (1983; Zbl 0554.35029)] and \textit{F. A. Berezin} [Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 36, 1134--1167 (1972; Zbl 0247.47019)], that is, \[ \sum_{j=1}^k \Lambda_j^{(l)} \geq (4\pi)^l \frac{d}{d+2l}\Bigg( \frac{\Gamma (1+\frac{d}{2})}{|\Omega| } \Bigg)^{\frac{2l}{d}} k^{1+\frac{2l}{d}}, \] where \(\Gamma\) denotes the Gamma function. The aim of this paper are similar lower bounds for the sum of the eigenvalues of the poly-harmonic operator obtained using the Fourier transform and rearrangement techniques. This provides a sharper version of the results recently given by \textit{Q.-M. Cheng} et al. [Pac. J. Math. 262, No. 1, 35--47 (2013; Zbl 1323.35112)].